TL;DR —E hiahiatia ana e ngā OEM wakatō o te EU me ā rātou kaiwhakarato pūnaha parai taumata-1 kia whai tiwhikete ECE R13 tika ngā wāhanga takirere parai katoa i ahu mai i waho o te Kotahitanga o Europi. E kapi ana te ECE R13 i ngā whakaritenga whakaaetanga momo pūnaha parai mō ngā waka i te rohe o UNECE, tae atu ki ngā takirere parai hau, ngā takirere solenoid, me ngā takirere whakawhiti e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha parai hau wakatō. E hiahiatia ana e te tukanga tiwhikete kia paahitia e te kaihanga ngā whakamātautau rauemi (whakamātautau rehu tote kūpapa ISO 9227 — 480 hāora te iti rawa mō ngā wāhanga hau), te whakamātautau mahi (te wā urupare i raro i te 0.4 hēkona mō te takirere solenoid i te 8.5 pae), me te arotake i te hanganga o te whakaritenga (COP) i te papaanga e tētahi ratonga hangarau kua whakamanahia e te UNECE. Kāore e whakaaetia te tāuta i tētahi takirere parai kāore he tiwhikete ECE R13 tika ki runga i tētahi wakatō kua rēhita tuatahitia ki ngā whenua mema o te EU, o te EEA rānei. E kapi ana tēnei tuhinga i te whakaritenga tiwhikete, te tukanga whakamātautau, me aku mea i ako mai i te paahitia o ngā arotake ECE R13 mō ngā takirere solenoid me ngā takirere parai e tukuna ana e Fangjie ki ngā kaihanga wakatō o Europi.

Kei Tiamana (Schmitz Cargobull, Kögel), Pōrana (Wielton), me Hōrana (Burgers, Broshuis) te umanga hanga wakatō o Ūropi. E kohikohi ana ēnei OEM i te 200,000 pea ngā wakatō haurua, ngā wakatō toki-waenga, me ngā wakatō kaupapa motuhake ia tau mō te mākete o te EU. Me whai tiwhikete ECE R13 ia wāhanga parai hau e tāutahia ana ki runga i te wakatō — mai i te takirere parai matua ki te takirere solenoid iti rawa — kia whai mana ai mō te whakamahi i runga i ngā wakatō kua rēhitatia ki tētahi o ngā whenua kirimana UNECE 56, tae atu ki ngā whenua mema EU 27 katoa. Ko te OEM wakatō e kawemai ana i ngā takirere parai tika mai i tētahi kaihanga Haina kāore he tiwhikete ECE R13 kei te tūpono ki tētahi mōrearea rēhita — kāore e taea te rēhita i te wakatō mō te whakamahinga rori kia whakakapia rā anō ngā wāhanga parai ki ngā mea ōrite kua whakamanahia.

Kei te whakahaere ahau i te tukanga tiwhikete mō ngā hua takirere parai a Fangjie mai i te tau 2018, ā, kua paahitia e au ngā arotake ECE R13 mō ngā takirere solenoid, ngā takirere whakawhiti, me ngā rūma parai. E kapi ana tēnei tuhinga i ngā mea e hiahiatia ana e ngā OEM wakatō EU kia manatokohia i te wā e tiki ana i ngā takirere parai mai i Haina. Mō tā mātou whānuitanga hua takirere parai, tirohia tewhārangi hua takirere paraiHei tauira motuhake, ko te1518103 takirere solenoidko tētahi o ā mātou tauira kua whai tiwhikete ECE R13.

Ngā mea e hipokina ana e te ECE R13 — Te whānuitanga me ngā whakamātautau matua

Ko te ECE R13 te ture UNECE mō ngā whakaritenga ōrite e pā ana ki te whakaaetanga o ngā waka e pā ana ki te aukati. Ka hipokina e te ture te pūnaha aukati waka katoa, engari ina whakamahia ki tētahi tiwhikete taumata-wāhanga (hei "wāhanga hangarau motuhake"), me whakaatu e te kaihanga takirere aukati te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mahi motuhake. Ko ngā whakamātautau matua e rima mō tētahi wāhanga takirere aukati hau i raro i te ECE R13 ko:

Ka whiwhi te takirere parai e puta ana i ngā whakamātautau e rima i tētahi tiwhikete whakaae momo ECE R13 i tukuna e tētahi ratonga hangarau kua whakamanahia e te UNECE. Ka tāia, ka whakairohia rānei te tau whakaae mā te laser ki te tinana takirere (he porowhita me te reta "E" e whai ake nei ko te tau whenua — hei tauira, E9 mō Pāniora — me te tau whakaae). E whai mana ana te tiwhikete mō ngā waeine whakaputa katoa e tutuki ana i te hoahoa kua whakaaetia, ā, e hangaia ana i raro i te pūnaha kounga kotahi.

Te Tukanga Tiwhikete — Ngā Mea Me Whakaoti e te Kaiwhakarato Hainamana

E whai ana te tukanga tiwhikete ECE R13 mō tētahi kaihanga takirere parai Hainamana i tētahi raupapatanga wāhanga-toru. Wāhanga 1: te tirotiro tuatahi o te wheketere e te ratonga hangarau. He ratonga hangarau kua whakamanahia e te UNECE (pērā iTÜV Rheinland, DEKRA, IDIADA rānei) ka tukuna he kaitirotiro ki te whare hanga i Haina. Ka arotakehia e te kaitirotiro te pūnaha whakahaere kounga (ISO 9001, IATF 16949 rānei), ngā tiwhikete whakamātautau rauemi, ngā rekoata whakatikatika taputapu hanga, me te pūnaha whai. Ko te utu mō tēnei arotake he $3,000–$5,000, ā, e rua ngā rā e mahi ana i te wāhi mahi.

Wāhanga 2: whakamātautau tauira i te taiwhanga o te ratonga hangarau. Ka tukuna e te kaihanga he 12 ngā tauira o te tauira takirere parai hei whakamana ki te taiwhanga. Me ahu mai ngā tauira i tētahi oma whakaputa paerewa — kāore e whakaaetia ngā tauira tauira i hangaia me te mana whakahaere manawanui motuhake. Ka whakamātauhia e te taiwhanga ngā tauira ki ngā whakaritenga e rima i roto i te ripanga i runga ake nei. Ko te utu whakamātautau mō tētahi tauira takirere solenoid kotahi he $8,000–$15,000, i runga i te maha o ngā whakamātautau e hiahiatia ana me te utu ia haora o te taiwhanga. Ngā ratonga hangarau pēnei iKei te tuku a ATIC i ngā ratonga whakaae momo-pēki me te wakatō ECE R13e kapi ana i te tukanga tono-ki-te-tiwhikete katoa mō ngā kaihanga Hainamana. E 3–4 marama te roa o te whakamātautau mō tētahi tauira e paahitia ana ngā whakamātautau katoa i te tukunga tuatahi — he roa ake mēnā me whakarerekē te hoahoa me te huringa whakamātautau anō i te rahunga o te whakamātautau.

Wāhanga 3: arotake i te hanganga o ngā whakaritenga (COP). Whai muri i te tukunga o te whakaaetanga momo, ka whakahaerehia e te ratonga hangarau he arotake COP i ia 12–24 marama hei manatoko kei te tutuki tonu ngā waeine hanga i te taumata hoahoa me te kounga kua whakaaetia. Ka hipokina e te arotake COP te whānuitanga rite tonu ki te tirotiro tuatahi, me te tirotiro i ngā tuhinga hanga hei whakaū kāore he huringa hoahoa kore whakamanatanga i mahia. Ko te utu arotake COP ā-tau he $2,000–$4,000 mō ia arotake. I Fangjie, kua mau tonu tā mātou tiwhikete ECE R13 mō ngā takirere solenoid me ngā takirere whakawhiti mai i te tau 2019, me ngā arotake COP ā-tau kua paahitia me te kore he hapa nui i roto i ngā arotake e 5 karapīpiti.

Whakaurunga ABS/EBS — He Āputa Tuhinga Noa

Kei te piki haere te whakamahi a ngā OEM wakatō o te EU i te EBS (Pūnaha Pēki Mana-Hiko) i te iti rawa rānei o te ABS (Pūnaha Pēki Ārai-Raka) mō ngā wakatō hou. Ka whakamahia e te pūnaha EBS ngā takirere solenoid hei whakarerekētanga pēhanga — ka tohu te ECU EBS ki te takirere solenoid kia whakanuia, kia pupuri, kia whakaitihia rānei te pēhanga pēki i roto i ia rūma pēki takitahi i te wā e pēhi ana. Me kore noa e paahitia e te takirere solenoid mō te tono EBS ngā whakamātautau hau ECE R13 engari me paahitia hoki he whakamātautau hototahi hikohiko (EMC) e ai ki te ECE R10 — kaua te takirere e tuku i te pokanoa hikohiko ki runga ake i te rohe, ā, kaua hoki e hē te mahi ina pāngia e ngā mara hikohiko kua horahia tae atu ki te 30 V/m i roto i te awhe auau 20 MHz ki te 1,000 MHz.

Ko te āputa tuhinga e kitea pinepinetia ana e au i roto i ngā kaiwhakarato takirere parai Hainamana e kī ana he tutuki ā rātou whakaritenga ECE R13 ko tā rātou tiwhikete whakaae momo mō te mahi hau (ngā whakamātautau waikura, turuturu, me te manawanui) engari kāore i a rātou te tuhinga tutuki ECE R10 EMC mō te ara iahiko hiko o te takirere solenoid. Kāore e taea te hoko ture i te takirere solenoid kua whai tiwhikete ECE R13 engari kāore i whai tiwhikete R10 hei takirere whakarerekē pēhanga EBS mō te wakatō EU — ko te tuhinga whakaae momo a te OEM wakatō (e ai ki te Whakaaetanga Momo Waka Katoa o te EU, WVTA rānei) me whai tiwhikete ECE R10 mō tētahi wāhanga parai e whakahaerehia ana e te hiko. Ko te otinga ko te tono i te mōkihi tiwhikete katoa (R13 + R10) mai i te kaiwhakarato i mua i te tuku i te ota. I Fangjie, kei roto i ā mātou tuhinga tutuki ā mātou whakaritenga takirere solenoid ngā tiwhikete e rua.

Rārangi Arowhai Aromatawai Kaiwhakarato mō ngā OEM o ngā Waka Tauaru o te EU

Mō te whānuitanga katoa o ngā takirere parai me ngā takirere solenoid e tukuna ana e mātou me te tiwhikete ECE R13, tirohia tewhārangi hua takirere paraiMō ngā wāhanga pūnaha hau i tua atu i ngā takirere, tewhārangi hua rūma paraie kapi ana i ngā rūma pēki puna me ngā rūma pēki ratonga e whakaoti ana i te pūnaha pēki hau o te tauaru.

ECE R13 me te Atanga Kounga ISO 9001 — Ngā Tuhinga e Hiahiatia ana e te Aromātai

E taupatupatu ana te whānuitanga o te arotake COP ECE R13 me te arotake tirotiro ISO 9001 engari kāore i te ōrite. Ka arotahi te arotake COP ki te raina whakaputa takirere parai - ehara i te wheketere katoa. Ko ngā tuhinga e arotakehia ana e te arotake COP ko: te tūtohi rere o te tukanga huihuinga takirere parai (me whakaatu i ia teihana huihuinga me te wāhi tirotiro), ngā rekoata whakatikatika taputapu taipana mō ngā tīwiri tinana takirere solenoid (me taipana ngā tīwiri whare solenoid ki te 8±0.5 Nm, ā, me whakatikatika te kī taipana i ia 3 marama me te tiwhikete whakatikatika e taea te whai i te paerewa ā-motu), ngā rekoata whakamātautau mahi mō ia takirere i hangaia (me tuhi te tūnga whakamātautau i te wā urupare, te turuturu ā-roto, me te ātete koiri mō ia waeine, ā, me pupuri ngā rekoata mō te 10 tau e ai ki te ture ECE R13), me te rārangi whakahaere rauemi kāore e tutuki - me wehe tetahi takirere e rahua ana i te whakamātautau mahi, me tātarihia te pūtake o te rahunga, ā, me tuhi te mahi whakatikatika.

I Fangjie, kei a mātou tētahi kōnae rekoata kounga motuhake mō te raina whakaputa ECE R13, he mea motuhake mai i te pūnaha whakahaere kounga ISO 9001 whānui. Kei roto i te pukapuka ā-ringa kounga raina ECE R13 ia whakamātautau huringa pēhanga, ia whakamātautau tauira pēhanga pahū, me ia kitenga arotake COP. Ka arotakehia e te kaitātari ISO 9001 te QMS whānui engari kāore e tirohia ngā rekoata motuhake ki te ECE R13 — ā, i tua atu, ka arotakehia e te kaitātari COP ngā rekoata raina ECE R13 anake. Ka tūtohu ahau kia pātai ngā OEM wakatō EU ki tā rātou kaiwhakarato Haina mō te wāhanga pūrongo arotake COP hou e kapi ana i te raina whakaputa takirere solenoid, inā koa te wāhanga kore-whakarite — kāore he kore-whakarite nui, ā, kāore e neke atu i te 2 ngā kore-whakarite iti i te arotake COP whakamutunga ko te paearu whakaae e whakamahia ana e au mō te whakatauranga kaiwhakarato a Fangjie mō ā mātou kaiwhakarato wāhanga o runga.

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